A definition of Conventional Tunnelling can be the construction of underground openings of any shape with a cyclic construction process of | - excavation, by using the drill and blast methods or mechanical excavators (except any full face TBM)
| | | | - placement of the primary support elements such as
| | - steel ribs or lattice girders
| | | | - sprayed or cast in situ concrete,
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Conventional Tunnelling is carried out in a cyclic execution process of repeated steps of excavation followed by the application of relevant primary support, both of which depend on existing ground conditions and ground behaviour. An experienced team of tunnel workers (miners), assisted by standard and/or special plant and equipment shall execute each individual cycle of tunnel construction.
The Conventional Tunnelling Method mainly using standard equipment and allowing access to the tunnel excavation face at almost any time is very flexible in situations or areas that require a change in the structural analysis or in the design and as a result of this also require changes in the support measures.
ITA Endorsed paper ITA General Report on Conventional Tunnelling Method
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