Social Reasons
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Indirect benefits | Social Balance |
Cities that are capable of functioning both in social and hygienic terms form the prerequisite for a decent life in built-up areas. Underground space has an important role to play in this respect, i.e. in the achievement of environmentally-friendly development, whether it be in the reduction of pollution or noise nuisance, the eff i c i e n t use of space, economic development, the preservation of the living environment, public health or safety. In these fields, it offers numerous advantages.
• Tunnels play a vital environmental role by conveying clean water to and by conveying wastewater out from urban areas.
• Tunnels provide safe, environmentally sound, fast, and unobtrusive urban mass transit systems.
• City traffic tunnels clear vehicles from surface streets, traffic noise is reduced, air becomes less polluted and the surface street areas may partially be used for other purposes.
• Underground car parks and shopping malls in city centres leave room for recreation areas and playgrounds above ground.
• Multipurpose utility tunnels are less vulnerable to external conditions than surface installations and will cause only insignificant disturbance above ground when installed equipments are repaired or maintained.
To know more
ITA Endorsed publications
Toronto's Underground Pedestrian System
(Tunnelling and Underground Space Technology, Vol. 1, Nr. 2, pp. 145 - 151, 1986)
Planning and Mapping of Underground Space - an Overview(Tunnelling and Underground Space Technology, Vol. 15, Nr. 3, pp. 271 - 286, 2000)
External Links